ArticleFrontiers in psychology2026
Responses to sports tourist misbehavior: the influence of psychological distance, informal social control and personal implication-behavioral and EEG evidence.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: With the rapid growth of sports tourism participation, the governance of tourist misbehavior has become a key issue in destination management. Based on Construal Level Theory (CLT), this study explores the behavioral and neural mechanisms through which psychological distance influences misbehavior intention. Methods: Guided by the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) framework, this study constructed a moderated mediation model in which informal social control was introduced as a key mediator and personal implication as a moderator. The proposed model was tested through two online behavioral experiments and one electroencephalogram (EEG) experiment. Results: The two behavioral experiments showed that sports tourists exhibited higher misbehavior intention in non-local (vs. local) contexts, and this effect was partially mediated by informal social control. Moreover, personal implication exerted a moderated mediation effect, such that the indirect effect of psychological distance on misbehavior intention through informal social control was stronger in low personal implication contexts (environmental misbehavior) than in high personal implication contexts (public order misbehavior). The EEG experiment revealed that, during the early subconscious processing stage, local (vs. non-local) contexts elicited greater cognitive control (larger N200 amplitudes) for public order misbehavior but reduced cognitive control (smaller N200 amplitudes) for environmental misbehavior. During the later conscious processing stage, local (vs. non-local) contexts elicited greater attentional resource allocation (larger P300 amplitudes) for public order misbehavior. In addition, a significant negative correlation was observed between misbehavior intention and N200 amplitudes, indicating that heightened cognitive control inhibits misbehavior intention. Discussion: This study examines how psychological distance influences tourist misbehavior in sports tourism. Drawing on CLT, results show that non-local contexts increase misbehavior intention by weakening informal social control through an abstract mindset, whereas local contexts strengthen cognitive control and normative sensitivity, thereby reducing misbehavior. Informal social control serves as a key mediating mechanism, while personal implication moderates this relationship, indicating boundary conditions across different misbehavior types. Behavioral and ERP evidence jointly demonstrate that local contexts enhance cognitive control, reflected in stronger N200 responses, which suppress misbehavior intention. In contrast, non-local contexts reduce early conflict monitoring. These findings provide multi-level evidence linking psychological, and neural mechanisms in misbehavior decision-making, and provide practical guidance for destinations to curb tourists' misbehavior.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.