ArticlePrimary health care research & development2026
Technology addiction as a predictor of visual problems in early adolescents: a multicentre case-control study.
Article in Primary health care research & development, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Increasing screen exposure among early adolescents has raised concerns regarding technology addiction and its potential impact on visual health. Within the scope of primary health care, early identification of modifiable behavioural risk factors is essential for preventive intervention. This case-control study examined the association between technology addiction and visual problems among early adolescents and explored implications for primary health care and school health services. The study included 585 students in grades 5-8 from three randomly selected public middle schools. The case group comprised 47 students diagnosed with visual impairment or wearing corrective lenses, while the control group included 538 students without visual problems. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews using a Personal Information Form and the Technology Addiction Scale. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine predictors of visual problems. Students with visual problems demonstrated significantly higher total technology addiction scores and higher subdimension scores for social media use, instant messaging, online gaming, and website browsing (
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