ArticleMelanoma research2026
Spatial T lymphocyte infiltration into the primary melanoma tumor associates with survival.
Article in Melanoma research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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11 authors.
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Abstract
Tumor infiltrating lymphocyte grade is a prognostic indicator for patients with cutaneous invasive primary melanoma and assigned one of three-levels (brisk, nonbrisk, or absent). We sought to develop objective, quantitative measures of T lymphocyte subtypes spatially within the tumor microenvironment. We applied multiplex whole-slide immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence to 80 melanomas, using S100 to identify tumor cells (S100+) and CD3 and CD8 to identify noncytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD3+CD8-), cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CD3+CD8+), and total T lymphocytes (CD3+CD8- plus CD3+CD8+). We used image analysis to spatially locate the T lymphocyte subtypes within the whole tumor, the tumor center (175 µm into the tumor), and the tumor margin (within 100 µm outside the tumor). T lymphocyte subtypes were quantified for density as CD3+CD8- and CD3+CD8+ cells colocalized with intact nuclei/µm 2 . Melanoma-specific survival, adjusted for American Joint Committee on Cancer eighth edition stage, improved when a higher density of each T lymphocyte subtype (CD3+CD8-; CD3+CD8+) infiltrated 175 µm into the tumor center or total T lymphocytes infiltrated into the whole tumor (hazard ratios: 0.72-0.77; all P < 0.05). Improved melanoma-specific survival is significantly associated with high density of CD3+CD8- T lymphocytes in the margin after stage adjustment. Our results indicate spatial location of T lymphocyte subset infiltration within the tumor microenvironment is important for predicting melanoma-specific survival.
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