ArticleViruses2026
Differential Binding and Neutralising Antibody Responses Across COVID-19 Severity in a Saudi Multicentre Cohort.
Article in Viruses, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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19 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundHumoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 are well documented, yet the immunopathogenic mechanisms distinguishing severe from critical disease remain incompletely defined, particularly in Middle Eastern populations. We investigated antibody responses across levels of clinical severity in a Saudi Arabian cohort.
methodsIn this multicentre study, we analysed 406 participants stratified into five clinical groups: controls, asymptomatic, mild, severe, and critically ill requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG and IgM levels were quantified alongside surrogate ACE2-RBD neutralisation activity. Associations between humoral markers, demographic factors, comorbidities, and disease severity were assessed.
resultsSARS-CoV-2-specific IgG and IgM levels differed significantly across disease severity groups (
conclusionsThese findings suggest that antibody levels provide useful information about exposure and immune activation, but antibody quantity alone does not fully explain the transition from severe to critical disease. The results support interpreting serological measures alongside clinical factors such as age and chronic illness.
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