ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Effect of Cup Material on
Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mosquito control programs rely on larvicides such as S-methoprene to suppress vector populations and prevent mosquito-borne diseases including West Nile virus (WNV). Resistance surveillance is essential for maintaining the long-term effectiveness of larvicide active ingredients and is typically conducted using cup bioassays to evaluate larval susceptibility. Disposable Styrofoam cups are commonly used for these assays because they minimize adsorption of S-methoprene under standard testing conditions. However, recent restrictions on expanded polystyrene products in California necessitated the identification and evaluation of suitable replacement cup materials for larval resistance bioassays. Four alternative cup materials, high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), and paper cups, were compared to Styrofoam cups. Cup bioassays were conducted using a laboratory colony of
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