Observational studyPathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Repeated Detection of Vaccine-Preventable Anal HPV Genotypes in a Screened Cohort: A Retrospective Observational Study.
Observational study in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
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Abstract
The clinical relevance of concurrent vaccine-preventable anal HPV genotype infections, particularly for short-term repeated detection and cytologic outcomes in screened high-risk populations, remains uncertain. We performed a single-centre retrospective study of 145 adults with at least one 9-valent vaccine-preventable anal HPV genotype at baseline and repeat HPV DNA testing and cytology approximately 12 months later. Baseline infections were classified as single- or multiple-genotype infections. Outcomes included clearance of all baseline vaccine-preventable genotypes, genotype-specific repeated detection, detection of new vaccine-preventable genotypes, complete HPV negativity, and cytologic regression or progression. At baseline, 70 participants (48.3%) had single and 75 (51.7%) had multiple genotype infections; most were male (95.2%) and people living with HIV (88.3%), reflecting a highly selected anal HPV-screened cohort. Multiple infections were associated with more frequent abnormal baseline cytology (69.3% vs. 45.7%). At follow-up, clearance of all baseline vaccine-preventable genotypes was more common after single than multiple infections (34.3% vs. 12.0%). Complete HPV negativity was also more frequent after single infection (24.3% vs. 4.0%), although this stringent endpoint is intrinsically more difficult to achieve in individuals with multiple baseline infections. New vaccine-preventable genotype detection did not differ significantly between groups. Genotype-specific repeated detection was generally similar between groups, except for HPV58, a finding based on small subgroup numbers. Cytologic regression was more frequent after single infection, but not statistically significant. Multiple vaccine-preventable anal HPV genotype infections were associated with greater baseline cytologic abnormality and lower clearance of baseline vaccine-preventable genotypes at 12 months. Given the retrospective design, selected population, limited event counts, and residual confounding, these findings should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating and do not prove impaired biological clearance.
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