Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42515046›Full record

ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Ethnic-Racial and Spatial Inequalities of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Brazil: A Nationwide Analysis of Cumulative Notification and Mortality.

Alís Hassan Salman, Lara Nazareth Afonso, Ana Jullia Alves Guimarães, Andressa Alves Soares, Paula Pereira da Matta, Ari Sérgio de Oliveira Lemos, Patrícia de Almeida Machado, Juliana da Trindade Granato

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In one paragraph

Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Alís Hassan SalmanIDOMED-Instituto de Educação Médica, Angra dos Reis 23914-360, Brazil.
Lara Nazareth AfonsoDepartamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói 24220-900, Brazil.
Ana Jullia Alves GuimarãesIDOMED-Instituto de Educação Médica, Angra dos Reis 23914-360, Brazil.
Andressa Alves SoaresIDOMED-Instituto de Educação Médica, Angra dos Reis 23914-360, Brazil.
Paula Pereira da MattaIDOMED-Instituto de Educação Médica, Angra dos Reis 23914-360, Brazil.
Ari Sérgio de Oliveira LemosNúcleo de Pesquisa em Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil.
Patrícia de Almeida MachadoDepartamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói 24220-900, Brazil.ORCID 0009-0009-4223-3690
Juliana da Trindade GranatoIDOMED-Instituto de Educação Médica, Angra dos Reis 23914-360, Brazil.

Funding

Instituto de Educação MédicaInstituto de Educação Médica (IDOMED) Institutional Scientific Initiation Program (ISIP)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) recognizes ethnicity as a structural determinant of health, yet ethnic-racial analyses of neglected tropical diseases remain scarce. This study investigated cumulative notification and mortality rates of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in Brazil from 2016 to 2025 according to the official Brazilian race/color categories. Data were obtained from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN/DATASUS), and temporal and spatial patterns were analyzed. ACL showed marked geographic heterogeneity, with the highest cumulative notification rates concentrated in the North and Central-West regions. Indigenous and Asian populations presented the highest cumulative notification rates, whereas mortality rates were highest among Indigenous populations and remained elevated among Brown populations in several settings. Spatial clusters were concentrated mainly in the Brazilian Amazon, reinforcing the persistence of territorial inequalities in ACL distribution. Overall, the findings reveal substantial race/color and geographic disparities in both ACL occurrence and mortality in Brazil, underscoring the need for more equitable surveillance, prevention, and control strategies.

Indexed as

EthnicityLeishmaniasis, CutaneousSocioeconomic Disparities in HealthBrazilDisease NotificationHumansRacial GroupsSpatial Analysisamerican cutaneous leishmaniasisethnic-racial inequalitiesspatial analysis

Identifiers

PMID42515046
PMCPMC13414769

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.