Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42514192›Full record

ReviewLife (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Epigenetic Regulation of Modulatory Neurotransmitter System Integrity in the Aging Brain: A Scoping Review Across the Lifespan.

Khalid W Freij, Arshiya Akbar, Philemon Domoyeri, Nunaya Polycarp, Dylan R Higginbotham, Itika Arora, Edwin N Aroke

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Khalid W FreijDepartment of Acute, Chronic & Continuing Care, School of Nursing, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.ORCID 0009-0001-1795-2927
Arshiya AkbarCollege of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
Philemon DomoyeriDepartment of Acute, Chronic & Continuing Care, School of Nursing, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.ORCID 0009-0000-1822-0712
Nunaya PolycarpDepartment of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.ORCID 0009-0006-5572-4091
Dylan R HigginbothamDepartment of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
Itika AroraCollege of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
Edwin N ArokeDepartment of Acute, Chronic & Continuing Care, School of Nursing, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8355-0870

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Age-related changes in neurotransmitter systems contribute to declines in cognitive, emotional, and motor function, yet the biological mechanisms linking these changes to aging are not completely understood. Epigenetic regulation offers a promising framework to bridge this gap. DNA methylation-based biomarkers of biological aging (i.e., epigenetic clocks) capture cumulative and dynamic aspects of biological aging that may reflect vulnerability in neural systems beyond chronological age. However, whether these indices track with the integrity of neurotransmitter systems has not been systematically examined. This scoping review synthesizes evidence across human studies to evaluate how epigenetic aging processes influence neurotransmitter gene regulation and system function across the lifespan. We included 109 studies spanning 2005-2026. GABAergic genes (

Indexed as

brain agingcerebral cortexDNA methylationDunedinPACEepigenetic agingepigenetic clockslifespanneuromodulatory neurotransmitter systems

Identifiers

PMID42514192
PMCPMC13413335

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.