Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42514154›Full record

ArticleLife (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Maternal Salivary Glutamate in Women Undergoing Vaginal Delivery: A Comparison Between Epidural Labor Analgesia and Systemic Morphine Analgesia.

Mohammad Al Hazaymeh, Omar F Altal, Atef F Hulliel, Rami K Jadallah, Ahmed H Al Sharie, Dana Saleh, Zaina Giabatti, Omar Hazaymeh, Ashraf Al-Issa, Anas Alrusan and 2 more

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Article in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Mohammad Al HazaymehDepartment of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 21110, Jordan.
Omar F AltalDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 21110, Jordan.
Atef F HullielFaculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 21110, Jordan.ORCID 0009-0000-0121-6397
Rami K JadallahDepartment of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA.ORCID 0009-0002-1830-8145
Ahmed H Al SharieDepartment of Internal Medicine, Southeast Health, Dothan, AL 36301, USA.
Dana SalehFaculty of Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine.
Zaina GiabattiFaculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 21110, Jordan.ORCID 0009-0006-7027-0390
Omar HazaymehDepartment of Anesthesia, Royal Medical Service, Amman 11831, Jordan.ORCID 0000-0001-9123-3149
Ashraf Al-IssaDepartment of Anesthesia, Princess Alexandra Hospital, NHS Trust, Harlow CM20 1QX, UK.
Anas AlrusanDepartment of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 21110, Jordan.ORCID 0009-0003-5237-5445
Diab Bani HaniDepartment of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 21110, Jordan.
Ala A AlhowaryDepartment of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 21110, Jordan.

Funding

Jordan University of Science and Technology 20220367
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionLabor pain is among the most intense forms of acute pain, mediated in part by excitatory glutamatergic neurotransmission within central nociceptive pathways. Glutamate plays a key role in spinal dorsal horn signaling and central sensitization, yet its peripheral dynamics during labor and in response to different analgesic modalities remain unclear. This exploratory study aimed to evaluate whether maternal salivary glutamate levels differ between epidural labor analgesia and systemic morphine analgesia during normal vaginal delivery.

methodIn this observational comparative study, 36 women were selected to either epidural analgesia (

resultsBaseline maternal and perinatal characteristics were comparable between groups. Median salivary glutamate levels were higher in the epidural group than in the morphine group (5.32 nmol/µL [IQR 2.83-8.00] vs. 3.99 nmol/µL [IQR 2.26-8.03]), but the difference was not statistically significant (

conclusionIn this exploratory cohort, maternal salivary glutamate concentrations did not differ significantly between epidural labor analgesia and systemic morphine analgesia during labor. The variability observed suggests complex and heterogeneous regulation of peripheral glutamatergic activity in parturition. Further larger-scale studies integrating central and peripheral measurements are warranted.

Indexed as

enzymatic colorimetric assayepiduralglutamatelabor analgesianormal vaginal deliveryopioid

Identifiers

PMID42514154
PMCPMC13413236

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