ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Bioleaching Strategies for Recovering Critical Metals from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries at High Pulp Density.
Review in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In recent years, owing to the extensive application of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in large-scale energy storage, transportation systems, and portable electronics, the LIB market has expanded rapidly. Proper recycling of spent LIBs can significantly alleviate environmental and economic burdens. Bioleaching, as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach for metal recovery from primary and secondary resources, is particularly suitable for the processing of spent LIBs. However, its efficiency significantly decreases under high-pulp-density conditions. Therefore, improving metal recovery performance under such conditions remains a critical challenge. This review systematically summarizes the microorganisms and leaching strategies employed for LIB bioleaching in the related peer-reviewed publications from 2015 to 2025, which were retrieved from the Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases. Based on this, this review analyzes the mechanistic limitations under high-pulp-density conditions and elucidates the key factors responsible for reduced efficiency. Furthermore, several process-intensification strategies are discussed, along with future perspectives for industrial-scale application. The increasing market demand and rapid technological development in LIB recycling highlight the strong potential of bioleaching technologies. This review provides mechanistic insights into microbial recovery processes and offers guidance for future research on high-pulp-density bioleaching systems.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.