Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42513096›Full record

ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Factors Determining the Antimicrobial Effectiveness of Chitosan: A Critical Analysis of the Impact of Molecular Weight and Degree of Deacetylation.

Karolina Czajkowska, Maciej Rybicki, Karol Kamil Kłosiński, Radosław Aleksander Wach

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Karolina CzajkowskaDepartment of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Narutowicza 60, 90-136 Lodz, Poland.ORCID 0009-0005-9639-9857
Maciej RybickiPlastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic, Institute of Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Dr. Stefana Kopcinskiego 22, 90-153 Lodz, Poland.ORCID 0009-0000-5584-1075
Karol Kamil KłosińskiDepartment of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Narutowicza 60, 90-136 Lodz, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-0962-228X
Radosław Aleksander WachInstitute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-7311-4525

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite chitosan's proven biocidal potential, there is a lack of consensus regarding the influence of its key physicochemical parameters, degree of deacetylation (DD) and molecular weight (MW), on its antimicrobial efficacy. The aim of this study was to quantitatively synthesize available literature data and provide an exploratory statistical analysis of the trends regarding the influence of chitosan DD and MW on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). A PRISMA-guided literature review (2016-2026) across four major databases extracted 127 independent in vitro experiments, Gram-positive/negative bacteria and fungi. Physicochemical correlations were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Insoluble polymer fractions (here set as DD < 60%) critically interfere with MIC determination due to restricted diffusion and were strictly excluded from analyses. For the optimized group of soluble chitosans (

Indexed as

Anti-Infective AgentsChitosanAcetylationFungiGram-Negative BacteriaGram-Positive BacteriaMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMolecular WeightAnti-Infective AgentsChitosanantibacterialantifungalantimicrobial activitychitosandegree of deacetylation (DD)in vitroMICmolecular weight (MW)

Identifiers

PMID42513096
PMCPMC13413926

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.