An Enhanced Electromagnetic Manipulation System with a Large Workspace, High-Gradient Magnetic Actuation, and Efficient Thermal Management.

Junkai Zhang, Zerui Li, Yukun Zhong, Aaiza Gul, U Kei Cheang

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Article in Micromachines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Junkai ZhangDepartment of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.ORCID 0009-0002-9118-1283

Zerui LiDepartment of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.

Yukun ZhongDepartment of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.

Aaiza GulState Key Laboratory of Fluid Power & Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.

U Kei CheangDepartment of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.

Funding

Department of Science and Technology, Guangdong Province 2024TQ08Z703Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation 2023A1515012229National Natural Science Foundation of China 52375569Science and Technology Innovation Committee Foundation of Shenzhen JCYJ20250604144219025, RCYX20210609103644015, ZDSYS20200811143601004, and JCYJ20240813094921029

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Magnetic actuation is a fundamental enabling technology for micro/nanorobotics and biomedical manipulation. However, the trade-off between magnetic field gradient, usable workspace, and efficient heat dissipation often conflicts and constrains its performance. Here, we present an enhanced electromagnetic manipulation system (EEMS) based on a compact, high-efficiency magnetic circuit and an optimized six-electromagnet configuration. By integrating high-permeability structural components and employing finite-element-based optimization, the system achieves a spherical workspace of 106 mm in diameter while maintaining strong and spatially controllable magnetic fields. Experimental results demonstrate magnetic flux densities up to 300 mT and a magnetic field gradient up to 9.5 T/m within the workspace, with a central magnetic field gradient of approximately 2 T/m under continuous operation at 3 A. Thermal simulations and measurements confirm safe operation below human body temperature without active cooling. Magnetic manipulation experiments in viscous environments further validate precise motion control and force balancing, highlighting the system's potential for advanced magnetic manipulation and intelligent microrobotic applications.

Indexed as

enhanced electromagnetFEM simulationmagnetic field optimizationmagnetic manipulationmicro/nanorobotics

Identifiers

PMID42513021

DOI10.3390/mi17070810

PMCPMC13414223

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LicenceCC BY

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.