ArticleBrain sciences2026
Clinical, Laboratory, and CT Morphological Factors Associated with 3-Month Functional Outcomes in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Article in Brain sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesSpontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with high mortality and disability. We aimed to identify clinical, laboratory, and imaging factors independently associated with 3-month functional outcome across non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) morphological markers, laboratory biomarkers, and established clinical scoring systems.
methodsThis retrospective cohort study included 337 consecutive patients with spontaneous ICH admitted between 2019 and 2022. Admission clinical findings, laboratory parameters, NCCT morphological markers (swirl, blend, black hole, island, hypodensities, and satellite signs), volumetrically segmented hematoma volumes, and prognostic scores (ICH and FUNC scores) were recorded. Poor functional outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 3-6 at 3 months. Independent predictors were identified using a primary Firth penalized multivariable logistic regression model; discrimination (area under the ROC curve, AUC), calibration, and optimism-corrected performance (1000-resample bootstrap) were assessed, and incremental value over the ICH and FUNC scores was tested with the DeLong method.
resultsPoor functional outcome occurred in 60.2% of patients, and 3-month mortality was 36.8%. In the primary penalized model, independent predictors of poor outcome were lower admission Glasgow Coma Scale, larger hematoma volume, NCCT hypodensities, history of hypertension, and lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. The model showed good discrimination (apparent AUC 0.881; optimism-corrected 0.872) and calibration (slope 0.92) and significantly outperformed the ICH and FUNC scores (DeLong
conclusionsPoor 3-month functional outcome after spontaneous ICH is independently associated with neurological severity, hematoma volume, NCCT hypodensities, and selected clinical and laboratory factors. Integrating clinical, volumetric, and CT morphological parameters improved discrimination over established prognostic scores; however, these findings are associative and require prospective, multicenter validation before clinical implementation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.