ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2026
Risk Factors and Quality of Life in Women with Urinary Incontinence in Kazakhstan: A Multicenter Case-Control Study.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundUrinary incontinence (UI) is a common condition that affects women's physical, psychological, and social well-being. Evidence from Central Asia remains limited. This study assessed factors associated with UI, its subtypes, and quality-of-life impairment among women in Kazakhstan.
methodsA multicenter age-matched case-control study was conducted from February to May 2025 in healthcare facilities across Kazakhstan. The study included 2061 women. Sociodemographic, obstetric, lifestyle, comorbidity, and symptom data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Quality of life was assessed using Kazakh and Russian versions of the Incontinence Quality of Life Questionnaire (I-QOL). Multivariable logistic regression with backward elimination identified factors independently associated with UI.
resultsUI was identified in 687 women (33.3%). Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) was the most common subtype (
conclusionsUI in Kazakhstan was mainly associated with obstetric and metabolic factors, supporting targeted prevention through weight management, antenatal care, and early pelvic floor assessment.
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