ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2026
Microglial Activation Is Associated with Hippocampal Synaptic Degeneration and Cognitive Deficits Following Repeated Propofol Exposure.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Propofol is a widely used intravenous anesthetic with recognized abuse potential; however, the effects of repeated propofol exposure on hippocampal function and cognition remain poorly understood. In the present study, we established a rat model of repeated subanesthetic intraperitoneal propofol administration and demonstrated that propofol induced robust conditioned place preference, indicating rewarding properties. Propofol-exposed rats exhibited significant impairments in hippocampus-dependent cognitive tasks. Transcriptomic analysis revealed marked transcriptional alterations enriched in pathways related to synaptic organization and plasticity following repeated propofol exposure. Consistently, Western blotting, transmission electron microscopy, and Golgi staining demonstrated pronounced reductions in dendritic spine density and synaptic integrity within the hippocampus. Moreover, aberrant microglial activation was observed in the hippocampus and was closely associated with synaptic degeneration and cognitive deficits. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of microglial activation with minocycline effectively ameliorated propofol-induced cognitive impairment and synaptic degeneration. Collectively, these findings suggest that microglial activation is associated with hippocampal synaptic degeneration and cognitive deficits following repeated propofol exposure and may contribute to these pathological changes.
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