Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42511112›Full record

ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2026

Partial Replacement of Fish Meal with Fish Scale Meal Enhances Body Color Brightness and Iridophore Development in Koi (

Shengyu Gao, Xiaolong Xu, Tong Ding, Yunxin Cheng, Jiayue Zhang, Huiyi Zheng, Zuoqin Zhou, En Liu, Gaoxiao Xu, Chaofan He

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In one paragraph

Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Shengyu GaoRural Revitalization Collaborative Technology Service Center of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, China.
Xiaolong XuRural Revitalization Collaborative Technology Service Center of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, China.
Tong DingRural Revitalization Collaborative Technology Service Center of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, China.
Yunxin ChengRural Revitalization Collaborative Technology Service Center of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, China.
Jiayue ZhangRural Revitalization Collaborative Technology Service Center of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, China.
Huiyi ZhengRural Revitalization Collaborative Technology Service Center of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, China.
Zuoqin ZhouRural Revitalization Collaborative Technology Service Center of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, China.
En LiuRural Revitalization Collaborative Technology Service Center of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, China.
Gaoxiao XuRural Revitalization Collaborative Technology Service Center of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, China.
Chaofan HeRural Revitalization Collaborative Technology Service Center of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, China.

Funding

Doctoral Research Initiation Fund of Fuyang Normal University 2024KYQD0111Industry-University Collaborative Project of Fuyang Normal University HX2026071000Key Project of Natural Science Research of the Education Department of Anhui Province 2023AH050407
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Body color brightness is a key determinant of ornamental value in koi, yet nutritional strategies targeting structural coloration mediated by iridophores remain underexplored. Fish scale meal (FSM), an abundant fishery by-product, contains guanine and collagen, which may contribute to structural coloration and body brightness. This study evaluated the effects of partial replacement of fish meal with FSM on growth performance, body color parameters, pigment accumulation, iridophore density, and iridophore-related gene expression in koi. A total of 384 koi with an initial body weight of 19.02 ± 0.18 g were randomly assigned to six dietary treatments for 8 weeks, with FSM inclusion levels ranging from 0% to 9.55%, corresponding to 0-100% replacement of dietary fish meal. Growth performance, including final body weight, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate, decreased with increasing FSM inclusion. Body lightness (L*) and scale guanine content increased progressively with FSM level and reached their highest values at 9.55% FSM, whereas redness (a*), yellowness (b*), and total carotenoid content showed the opposite trend. Iridophore density was significantly higher in the 3.82-5.73% FSM groups than in the other treatments. The expression of iridophore-related genes, including

Indexed as

brightnessguanineiridophoresornamental fish

Identifiers

PMID42511112
PMCPMC13405937

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.