ArticleCurrent issues in molecular biology2026
Carnosic Acid Attenuates TNF-α-Induced Insulin Resistance by Regulating Mitochondrial Function in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes.
Article in Current issues in molecular biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis is a trigger for insulin resistance. The loss of N-acetyltransferase 1 (Nat1) function, an insulin-sensitivity gene, contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance. Carnosic acid (CA), a diterpene derived from rosemary, has demonstrated an anti-insulin-resistance effect. This study hypothesized that CA protects against TNF-α-induced insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by regulating mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis, and function via Nat1. 3T3-L1 adipocytes were pretreated with CA for 12 h, followed by co-treatment with TNF-α for an additional indicated duration. Results showed that treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with TNF-α decreases mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and PGC-1α protein levels and alters mitochondrial fission/fusion dynamics. Pretreatment with CA improved these effects. In parallel, CA prevented the TNF-α-induced reduction in Nat1 protein and improved insulin signaling by suppressing the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) at serine
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