Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42510346›Full record

ArticleBehavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Belongingness and School Refusal in Adolescents: Psychometric Validation and Identification of Risk Profiles.

María Pérez-Marco, Carolina Gonzálvez, Andrea Fuster, Ángel Amat, Alba Lorenzo-Rumbo, Graciela Arráez-Vera

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

María Pérez-MarcoDepartment of Developmental Psychology and Didactics, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, Carr. de San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-1857-9415
Carolina GonzálvezDepartment of Developmental Psychology and Didactics, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, Carr. de San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-7810-9044
Andrea FusterDepartment of Developmental Psychology and Didactics, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, Carr. de San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-2119-1451
Ángel AmatDepartment of Developmental Psychology and Didactics, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, Carr. de San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain.ORCID 0009-0009-1435-8082
Alba Lorenzo-RumboDepartment of Developmental Psychology and Didactics, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, Carr. de San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain.ORCID 0009-0009-5763-0410
Graciela Arráez-VeraDepartment of Developmental Psychology and Didactics, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, Carr. de San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-6829-6299

Funding

Conselleria de Innovación, Universidades, Ciencia y Sociedad Digital CIACIF/2022/252Conselleria de Innovación, Universidades, Ciencia y Sociedad Digital CIACIF/2024/231Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades PID2023-152358NA-I00University of Alicante UAFPU24-23
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Belongingness is a fundamental psychological need associated with adolescents' emotional well-being, school engagement, and attendance. Despite the relevance of belongingness for adolescent adjustment, no validated measure of general belongingness is currently available for Spanish adolescents, and little is known about how different belongingness patterns relate to school refusal behaviour. This study provides the first validation of the General Belongingness Scale (GBS) in a sample of Spanish adolescents (

Indexed as

adolescentsgeneral belongingnesslatent profile analysispsychometric propertiesschool refusal

Identifiers

PMID42510346
PMCPMC13405975

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.