ArticleBehavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Psychological Distress in Family Members of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder-Associated Factors and Implications for Healthcare.
Article in Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects not only diagnosed individuals but also their families, who often experience long-term psychological and organizational burden. This study aimed to assess depression, anxiety, and stress among family members of individuals with ASD and to identify socio-demographic and family-related associated factors of psychological distress, with particular attention to high-risk groups, social inequalities, and the healthcare system context.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in February 2025 among 310 family members of individuals with ASD. Data were collected using the Computer-Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) method via the Ariadna Nationwide Research Panel. Psychological distress was assessed using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21).
resultsRespondents reported substantial levels of psychological distress. Severe or extremely severe symptoms were most common for anxiety (41.29%), followed by depression (35.48%) and stress (27.74%). Younger respondent age was consistently associated with higher depression, anxiety, and stress. Lower income was associated with higher depression and anxiety, indicating the importance of socio-economic inequalities.
conclusionsThe findings highlight the need to identify high-risk groups and develop family-centered, coordinated support within the healthcare system, with particular attention to social inequalities, continuity of care, and access to psychological and therapeutic services.
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