Development of a Vocabulary Inventory for English-Mandarin Dual-Language-Learning Infants and Toddlers.

Kristy H Lai, Huanhuan Shi, Yueting Pan, Catherine S Tamis-LeMonda

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Article in Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Kristy H LaiDepartment of Applied Psychology, New York University, 246 Greene St, New York, NY 10003, USA.ORCID 0009-0009-1341-4564

Huanhuan ShiDepartment of Applied Psychology, New York University, 246 Greene St, New York, NY 10003, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7236-5824

Yueting PanDepartment of Applied Psychology, New York University, 246 Greene St, New York, NY 10003, USA.

Catherine S Tamis-LeMondaDepartment of Applied Psychology, New York University, 246 Greene St, New York, NY 10003, USA.

Funding

U.S. National Science Foundation 2453119

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The science of early bilingual language development requires accurate documentation of the words that infants/toddlers acquire in each language to address questions about language transfer, mutual exclusivity, conceptual vocabulary growth, etc. We developed the Dual Language Learners English-Mandarin (DLL-EM) inventories to measure the vocabularies of English-Mandarin infants/toddlers. The inventories expand on American English and Beijing Mandarin MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDIs) with full translation equivalents and Mandarin dialect options, while retaining original words on CDI forms. We quantified the psychometric properties of the DLL-EM (Study 1) using Item Response Theory based on American English and Beijing Mandarin CDI data from Wordbank and Web-CDI (

Indexed as

bilingualismCommunicative Development Inventories (CDI)dual language learnersEnglishinfant/toddler vocabularylanguage assessmentMandarin

Identifiers

PMID42510264

DOI10.3390/bs16071143

PMCPMC13404754

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LicenceCC BY

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.