ArticleBehavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Revaluating the Dimensionality of Academic Engagement: A Bifactor Analysis of the UWES in Higher Education.
Article in Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
The factor structure of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) has been debated, with studies alternately supporting unidimensional and three-factor solutions. This inconsistency may reflect a methodological limitation: conventional confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) cannot always separate general from dimension-specific variance, producing similar fit indices across competing models when a dominant general factor is present. We examined the dimensionality of the UWES-17 and UWES-9 in a sample of 755 Chilean university students, comparing unidimensional, three-factor, second-order, and bifactor models using weighted least squares mean and variance adjusted (WLSMV) estimation appropriate for ordinal data. Bifactor indices, explained common variance (ECV), percent of uncontaminated correlations (PUC), and hierarchical omega (ω
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