ReviewChildren (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Biomarkers for Necrotising Enterocolitis-Are We There Yet?
Review in Children (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) remains an important disease for neonatologists, with diagnostic and management challenges and impacts on mortality and neurodisability. NEC can present in a non-specific way, and differentiating from late-onset sepsis (LOS), focal perforation (FIP) and feed intolerance can be difficult. Biomarkers have been extensively explored as a way to help more definitively identify NEC or rule it out. Many biomarkers that have been studied are blood biomarkers, and several other extensive reviews of biomarkers in NEC exist. In this narrative review, we focus on non-invasive samples, namely stool, urine and saliva, and on tests that are already available as point-of-care tests (POCTs) or are likely to be available as POCTs soon given current technologies. Faecal calprotectin and urinary intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (IFABP) have the most data to currently support their use in larger multi-centre studies and appear most likely to achieve translation into clinical practice. Saliva appears the most under-researched potential source of a non-invasive POCT for a biomarker for NEC. For faecal calprotectin and urinary IFABP, data that are most lacking relate to specificity, particularly the performance of these tests to differentiate NEC from FIP or LOS (occurring in the absence of NEC). We suggest a study design to facilitate moving towards the clinical use of non-invasive biomarkers in NEC.
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