γ-Tocotrienol Sensitises Colorectal Cancer to PD-1 Blockade by Enhancing MHC-I-Associated Tumour Immune Visibility and CD8

Haixia Wang, Xiaohe Chu, Can Xu, Zilong Li, Ling Xie

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Biomolecules, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Haixia WangCollaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.ORCID 0000-0002-7798-6723

Xiaohe ChuCollaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.

Can XuCollaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.

Zilong LiHangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China.

Ling XieHangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China.

Funding

LingXie AP2026 03-0749

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

γ-Tocotrienol (γ-T3), a naturally occurring vitamin E isoform from plant-derived sources, has attracted attention as an antitumour agent. However, whether γ-T3 can enhance antitumour immunity and improve immune checkpoint blockade remains unclear. Here, using colorectal cancer (CRC) models, we found that γ-T3 suppressed tumour growth in immunocompetent MC38 and CT26 mouse models, whereas this effect was markedly weakened in immunodeficient hosts, indicating that its in vivo antitumour activity is closely associated with host immunity. Combination treatment with γ-T3 and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade further improved tumour control, accompanied by enhanced CD8

Indexed as

CD8-Positive T-LymphocytesChromansColorectal NeoplasmsHistocompatibility Antigens Class IImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorVitamin EAnimalsCell Line, TumorHumansMiceChromansHistocompatibility Antigens Class IImmune Checkpoint Inhibitorsplastochromanol 8Programmed Cell Death 1 ReceptorVitamin Ecancer immunotherapycolorectal cancernatural-source antitumour agentγ-tocotrienol

Identifiers

PMID42509758

DOI10.3390/biom16070964

PMCPMC13406994

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.