Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42509649›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2026

Superficial white matter and gray matter jointly support cognition among older adults in India.

Yingxu Liu, Kirsten M Lynch, Miguel Arce Rentería, Emma Nichols, Alden L Gross, Lindsay C Kobayashi, Neda Jahanshad, John P John, Harshita V Vishwakarma, Pranali Khobragade and 15 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

25 authors.

Yingxu LiuMark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5053-4911
Kirsten M LynchMark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Miguel Arce RenteríaDepartment of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Emma NicholsCenter for Economic and Social Research, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Alden L GrossDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Lindsay C KobayashiDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Neda JahanshadMark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
John P JohnMultimodal Brain Image Analysis Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India.
Harshita V VishwakarmaDepartment of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India.
Pranali KhobragadeCenter for Economic and Social Research, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Joyita BanerjeeCenter for Economic and Social Research, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Niranjan KhandelwalDepartment of Radiodiagnosis, National Institute of Medical Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Jyoti DangwalGraphic Era Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
Sudhir SaxenaGraphic Era Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
Nirod MedhiDepartment of Radiodiagnosis, Primus Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India.
Soumik DasDepartment of Radiodiagnosis, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research (IPGME&R), Kolkata, India.
Prudhvinath ReddyAll India Institute of Medical Sciences Mangalagiri, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Pratyaksha RanaDepartment of Radiology, U.N. Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
Arjun NarulaNarula Diagnostics, Gurugram, Haryana, India.
Saravanan KannanSaravanan Diagnostics, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Dinesh PatelDepartment of Radiology, U.N. Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
A B DeyDepartment of Geriatric Medicine Artemis Hospital, Gurugram, India.
Sharmistha DeyAll India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Jinkook LeeCenter for Economic and Social Research, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Leon M AksmanMark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Funding

Multilingualism as a factor of resilience to Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in IndiaR01AG080473 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI Leon Aksman, Miguel Arce · 2023 to 2026
$3.1M
Global studies into the Genetic Architecture of the Brain's White Matter Network through Harmonized and Coordinated Analyses in the ENIGMA-ConsortiumR01MH134004 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI Neda Jahanshad · 2023 to 2026
$2.6M
Biomarkers of neurodegeneration in the US and India: A cross-national evaluation of the biological underpinnings of ADRDRF1AG088003 · NIA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI CRIMMINS, EILEEN M, GROSS, ALDEN L. · 2024 to 2024
$2.4M
Worldwide Tractometry Initiative to Investigate Brain Microstructure, Cognitive Impairment & Dementia in Parkinsons DiseaseRF1NS136995 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI JAHANSHAD, NEDA, THOMPSON, PAUL M · 2024 to 2024
$2.2M
Non-educational sources of later-life cognitive reserve and resilience among older adults with and without formal education in IndiaRF1AG087965 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI KOBAYASHI, LINDSAY C, LEE, JINKOOK · 2024 to 2024
$2.2M
High Capacity, High Performance Storage System for NeuroscienceS10OD032285 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI TOGA, ARTHUR W · 2022 to 2022
$1.7M
Causal and Event Based Modeling of Brain Alterations in ADRDR01AG087513 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI Neda Jahanshad · 2025 to 2026
$1.2M
National Institute on Aging (NIA) R01AG087513National Institute on Aging (NIA) R01MH134004National Institute on Aging (NIA) RF1NS136995National Institutes of Health (NIH) S10OD032285NIA NIH HHS R01 AG080473NIA NIH HHS R01 AG087513NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG087965NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG088003NIA NIH HHS RF1AG088003NIH HHS S10 OD032285NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH134004NINDS NIH HHS RF1 NS136995
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe relationships between superficial white matter (SWM) and cognition, and its interaction with gray matter (GM), remain unclear in community-based populations.

methodsWe analyzed data from 459 older adults in the Harmonized Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia for the Longitudinal Aging Study in India. SWM microstructures were estimated by multi-shell diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We examined cross-sectional associations between SWM with memory, language, executive, visuospatial function, and cognitive impairment (CI); and tested SWM interactions with GM atrophy and modification by socioeconomic status.

resultsHigher SWM neurite density index (NDI) related to better language, whereas higher fraction of isotropic water (FISO) related to greater odds of CI. While GM metrics remained strongest predictors of cognition, these associations were attenuated by better SWM integrity (high NDI and low FISO). No formal education, low literacy, and rural residence worsened SWM-related language deficits. DISCUSSION: Neurite-level SWM health may drive resistance to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.

Indexed as

CognitionCognitive DysfunctionGray MatterWhite MatterAgedAged, 80 and overAgingCross-Sectional StudiesDiffusion Magnetic Resonance ImagingFemaleHumansIndiaLongitudinal StudiesMaleNeuropsychological Testsdementiadiffusion‐weighted MRIepidemiologygray matterneurite orientation dispersion and density imagingSouth Asiasuperficial white matter

Identifiers

PMID42509649
PMCPMC13408022

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.