Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42509516›Full record

ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2026

The Geography of Cancer: Regional Disparities in the Incidence of Prostate Cancer in Puerto Rico, 2016-2022.

Jose Javier Lopez, Woo Jang, Seonhwa Lee, Kolawole Omomowo

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Jose Javier LopezMinnesota State University, Mankato, MN, USA. lopezj@mnsu.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8921-6558
Woo JangMinnesota State University, Mankato, MN, USA.
Seonhwa LeeTexas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA.
Kolawole OmomowoUniversity of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Prostate cancer remains the most prevalent malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among men in Puerto Rico. This study evaluates regional disparities in prostate cancer incidence across 76 contiguous municipalities on the main island and characterizes areas exhibiting statistically significant spatial clustering. Using spatial analytical techniques-including Moran's I and Getis-Ord Gi*-within Geographic Information Systems (GIS), we analyze data from the Puerto Rico Central Cancer Registry (RCCPR) spanning 2016 to 2022. The findings reveal a non-random spatial distribution of prostate cancer incidence, with consistent clustering patterns observed throughout most of the study period, except in 2019. Notably, cold-spot regions were persistently identified in the northwest and western municipalities, while elevated incidence rates were concentrated in clusters located in the southern and eastern regions. These results underscore the presence of enduring geographic disparities in the prostate cancer burden across Puerto Rico.

Indexed as

Hot spot analysisProstate cancerPuerto RicoSpatial autocorrelation

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.