Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42509498›Full record

ArticleSurgical endoscopy2026

Resident robotic training at a single academic institution: a comparison of general surgery, gynecology, and urology.

Audrey Makope, Jessica Francis, Meghan Schaefer, Rana M Higgins

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Surgical endoscopy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Audrey MakopeDepartment of Surgery at Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
Jessica FrancisDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Meghan SchaeferDepartment of Urology at Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Rana M HigginsDepartment of Surgery at Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA. rhiggins@mcw.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6414-3340

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe aim of this study was to analyze the differences in robotic training among three surgical residencies: general surgery (GS), gynecology (G), and urology (U) at a single academic institution.

methodsCurrent and graduated residents from GS, G, and U from 2018 to 2023 were surveyed regarding their perceptions of robotic training within each of their respective programs. Additionally, Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) operative case logs from 2022 to 2024 were analyzed.

resultsThirty current residents (19 GS (response rate (RR) = 33.3%), 8 G (RR = 27.6%), 3 U (RR = 19.8%)) and 62 graduated residents (25 GS (RR = 78.6%), 23 G (RR = 46.4%), 14 U (RR = 72.5%)) responded to the survey. There was a significant difference in satisfaction (89.5% GS, 37.5% G, 67% U, p = 0.022 and confidence (27.8% GS, 75.0% G, 0% U, p = 0.013) in robotic training among current residents. There was no difference in satisfaction or confidence in robotic training among graduated residents. (p = 0.129 and p = 0.425, respectively). There was a significant difference in robotic bedside cases per resident among specialties (GS 2.2 cases, G 3.1 cases, U 76.7 cases per resident, p < 0.0001) as well as console cases per resident (GS 30.2 cases, G 41.7, U 195.4 cases per resident, p = 0.024).

conclusionsAfter the completion of residency, surgeons in all three specialties value their robotic training and felt adequately prepared for robotic surgery in their respective fields. Surgical residency programs must continue to focus on case exposure and the development of robust curricula in robotic surgery to facilitate residents' success during and after training.

Indexed as

General SurgeryGynecologyInternship and ResidencyRobotic Surgical ProceduresUrologyEducation, Medical, GraduateFemaleHumansSurveys and QuestionnairesGeneral surgeryGynecologyResident curriculumRobotic curriculaRobotic surgeryUrology

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.