ArticleNaunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology2026
Novel copper-phenothiazine-amino acid complexes exhibit selective anticancer activity via induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in HepG2 cells.
Article in Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Phenothiazine derivatives have gained increasing attention as potential anticancer agents, while copper-based complexes represent promising cancer therapeutic candidates due to their redox activity, coordination versatility, and biological compatibility. In this study, five novel ternary copper(II) complexes were synthesized by combining phenothiazine derivatives with amino acids as secondary ligands to enhance structural diversity, solubility, and cellular uptake. The aim was to investigate their cytotoxic potency, selectivity, and underlying molecular mechanisms against human cancer cell lines, with a particular focus on hepatocellular carcinoma. The five copper(II) complexes were synthesized by combining phenothiazine derivatives-promazine (Prom) and triflupromazine (TFP)-with biologically relevant amino acids (methionine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and serine) as secondary ligands. Using MTT assays, the synthesized complexes [Cu(Prom)(Meth)Cl], [Cu(Prom)(Tryp)Cl]H
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