ArticlePediatric research2026
Echocardiographic hemodynamics during early postnatal period and 3-year neurodevelopment outcomes in preterm infants.
Article in Pediatric research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe relationship between early echocardiographic markers of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)-related hemodynamics and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants remains unclear.
methodsWe analyzed data from a multicenter registry of infants born at 23-29 weeks. Echocardiographic data obtained within the first 14 days were used to assess hemodynamic burden, including the PLASE (PDA and Left Atrial Size Evaluation) score. The primary outcome was an adverse neurodevelopmental outcome at 3 years. Associations were evaluated overall and by gestational-age strata.
resultsAmong 399 infants, 30% developed adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Overall, higher PLASE scores were associated with adverse outcomes. Among infants born at 25-26 weeks, those with adverse outcomes had higher PLASE scores than those without adverse outcomes. In the 27-28-week group, infants with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes had smaller left atrial volumes and lower left ventricular dimensions than those without them. No consistent associations were observed in the 23-24-week group. Although surgical ligation was associated with worse unadjusted outcomes, differences were not significant after gestational-age stratification.
conclusionsEarly PDA-related hemodynamic burden, as assessed by the PLASE score, was associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes at 3 years, with associations most apparent in infants born at 25-26 weeks. IMPACT: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)-related hemodynamic burden, assessed by serial echocardiography, was associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes at 3 years. Associations varied across gestational age strata, with associations most apparent among infants born at 25-26 weeks' gestation. In extremely preterm infants born at 23-24 weeks' gestation, profound biological immaturity and competing morbidities may obscure the contribution of PDA-related hemodynamics to long-term neurodevelopment, highlighting the relevance of gestational age-stratified analyses. These findings suggest that echocardiographic assessment of PDA-related hemodynamics, rather than PDA presence or surgical intervention alone, may refine risk stratification and support individualized circulatory management in preterm infants.
Identifiers
42509299What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.