Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42509264›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Green spectrofluorimetric method using nitrogen-phosphorus carbon quantum dots and Box-Behnken optimized salting-out assisted extraction for valbenazine determination in environmental samples.

Ahmed Serag, Manal E Alosaimi, Maram H Abduljabbar, Alaa O Baryyan, Abdulaziz Al Khzem, Mansour S Alturki, Mohammed F Aldawsari, Atiah H Almalki

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In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ahmed SeragPharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11751, Egypt. Ahmedserag777@hotmail.com.ORCID 0000-0003-1559-8079
Manal E AlosaimiDepartment of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Maram H AbduljabbarDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
Alaa O BaryyanPharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Abdulaziz Al KhzemDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Faisal Road, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Mansour S AlturkiDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Faisal Road, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed F AldawsariDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
Atiah H AlmalkiAddiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Health Science Campus, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University PNURSP2026R466
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A novel, sensitive, and sustainable spectrofluorimetric method was developed for valbenazine determination in spiked environmental water samples by integrating nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped carbon quantum dots (N,P-CQDs) as fluorescent nanoprobes with salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE). The N,P-CQDs synthesized via microwave-assisted pyrolysis exhibited quasi-spherical morphology, high quantum yield, and strong blue-green fluorescence (excitation/emission: 355/441 nm, Stokes shift: 86 nm). Valbenazine induced fluorescence quenching consistent with a static mechanism involving ground-state complex formation, as supported by temperature-dependent Stern-Volmer analysis and thermodynamic studies which revealed spontaneous exothermic binding. Critical analytical parameters including pH, N,P-CQDs concentration, buffer volume, and reaction time were systematically optimized to maximize fluorescence quenching efficiency. Besides, SALLE conditions including pH, acetonitrile volume, salt concentration, and centrifugation time were optimized through four-factor three-level Box-Behnken design, yielding a predictive model with high statistical validity (R

Indexed as

NitrogenPhosphorusQuantum DotsWater Pollutants, ChemicalCarbon Quantum DotsHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationLiquid-Liquid ExtractionSpectrometry, FluorescenceNitrogenPhosphorusWater Pollutants, ChemicalCarbon quantum dotsFluorescence quenchingGreen analytical chemistrySalting-out assisted liquid–liquid extractionValbenazine

Identifiers

PMID42509264
PMCPMC13408159

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.