ArticleVeterinary clinical pathology2026
Cytologic, Clinicopathologic, and Histologic Findings in a Dog with a Gallbladder Neuroendocrine Carcinoma and Multiple Endocrinopathies.
Article in Veterinary clinical pathology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
A 10-year-old spayed female Shih Tzu was evaluated for a gallbladder mass incidentally identified during a diagnostic workup for hyperadrenocorticism and persistent hypercalcemia. Diagnostic imaging revealed a vascularized intraluminal gallbladder mass, and cytologic examination showed cohesive clusters of epithelial cells with distinct intercellular junctions, magenta cytoplasmic stippling, and marked pleomorphism, raising suspicion for a neuroendocrine carcinoma. Cholecystectomy was performed with tissues submitted for histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC), which confirmed a diagnosis of gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma (GB-NEC) with hepatic and vascular invasion. The tumor exhibited diffuse positive immunolabeling for synaptophysin, chromogranin A, neuron-specific enolase, and insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM-1), consistent with neuroendocrine differentiation. However, no appreciable immunolabeling for gastrin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) was observed. This case illustrates an uncommon cytologic presentation of GB-NEC in dogs and suggests a potential association between neuroendocrine tumors and multiple endocrinopathies. The findings support the utility of INSM-1 as a broad-spectrum marker for canine neuroendocrine tumors and underscore the need for further investigation into the hormonal activity and clinical variability of GB-NEC.
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