ArticleWorld journal of urology2026
Neurobehavioral, sleep and bladder dysfunction in children with primary nocturnal enuresis.
Article in World journal of urology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundPrimary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) is a multifactorial condition associated with disturbances in neurodevelopmental maturation, sleep regulation, and lower urinary tract function. This study aimed to characterize neurobehavioral, sleep-related, neurophysiological, and lower urinary tract comorbidities in children with PNE and to compare these findings with those of age-matched hospital-based controls without nocturnal enuresis. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis retrospective comparative study included 128 children with PNE and 30 age-matched controls without nocturnal enuresis or daytime lower urinary tract symptoms. Medical records were reviewed for demographic characteristics, family history of enuresis, bowel habits, sleep-related upper airway disorders, uroflowmetric parameters, electroencephalographic (EEG) findings, and lower urinary tract symptoms. ADHD symptoms were assessed using the ADHD Rating Scale-IV.
resultsThe PNE group comprised 71 boys (55.5%) and 57 girls (44.5%), with a mean age of 8.4 ± 2.1 years. A positive family history of enuresis was identified in 89 children (69.5%). ADHD symptoms were significantly more frequent in children with PNE than in controls (50.0% vs. 20.0%). Sleep-related abnormalities were common, including tonsillar hypertrophy (28.9%), adenoid hypertrophy (25.0%), snoring and mouth breathing (16.4%). Overactive bladder symptoms were identified in 43 children (33.6%). Immature alpha rhythm was observed in 49.2% of children with PNE compared with 23.3% of controls.
conclusionsChildren with PNE exhibited higher rates of ADHD symptoms, sleep-related upper airway abnormalities, lower urinary tract dysfunction, and EEG abnormalities than age-matched controls. These findings are consistent with a multidimensional clinical phenotype involving neurobehavioral, sleep-related, and bladder dysfunction and highlight the importance of comprehensive multidisciplinary assessment in children with PNE.
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