ArticleCanadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie2026
One in Twenty: Prevalence and Outcomes of Patients Brought to EDs Under Québec's P-38 Mental Health Act-A Retrospective Cohort Study: Un patient sur vingt : prévalence et résultats chez les patients ayant été admis au service des urgences en vertu de la loi p-38 du Québec sur la santé mentale-Étude de cohorte rétrospective.
Article in Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
IntroductionIn Quebec, the P-38.001 Act (P-38) allows police officers or crisis workers, under exceptional circumstances, to bring individuals at risk of harming themselves or others to the Emergency Department (ED) against their will. Data on the application of this Act remains limited.ObjectivesWe aimed to determine the prevalence of P-38 use among ED patients with mental health presentations and to compare their characteristics, clinical course, and outcomes with those who sought care voluntarily.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using a Public Health Agency of Canada-approved mental health database. Patients aged ≥14 years presenting to 5 EDs for mental health reasons in 2020-2021 were included. The main outcome, enforcement of P-38, was abstracted from medical charts. Information on care trajectory and management was also collected. Relative risks (RR) were estimated using modified Poisson regression with robust variance.ResultsAmong 15,021 mental health-related ED visits, 860 (5.7% [95% CI: 5.4-6.1]) involved enforcement of the P-38 Act. Mean age was 41.1 ± 16.5 years, with 46.1% aged 25-44, and 54.4% being male. Most lived independently (85.4%), arrived by ambulance (80.5%), and had a documented mental health history (92.2%). A higher proportion were materially deprived (
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