ArticleSports (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Mental Toughness and 2K Rowing Performance in Division II Female Collegiate Athletes: A Longitudinal Analysis Using Mixed-Effects Modeling.
Article in Sports (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- A pilot self-coach alignment audit in NCAA collegiate rowers: field feasibility, null findings, and design-sensitivity analysis for future self-verification research.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
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Abstract
Mental toughness (MT) may contribute to within-athlete rowing performance variation, yet longitudinal evidence remains sparse. This pilot study examined within-athlete associations between MT and 2K ergometer performance across a competitive season in Division II female rowers. Twelve athletes (age 20.8 ± 2.1 years) completed the mental toughness index (MTI) before four standardized 2K time trials. Performance was modeled using a linear mixed-effects model with a random intercept for the athlete. The MTI was decomposed into within- and between-athlete components, with the timepoint as a categorical covariate. Small-sample inference used CR2 cluster-robust standard errors with Satterthwaite degrees of freedom. Performance improved mid-season relative to baseline (Timepoint 3: -7.29 s; 95% CI [-13.29, -1.29];
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