ArticleTropical medicine and infectious disease2026
Neutralizing Antibody Response Dynamics in COVID-19: Insights from Healthy Vaccinees, Breakthrough Infections, and Critically Ill Patients.
Article in Tropical medicine and infectious disease, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies (NABs) play a critical role in assessing the immune response elicited by vaccines, providing insight into their protective efficacy. Despite their importance, there is a notable gap in research directly comparing NAB levels among individuals vaccinated with different vaccines, across diverse ethnicities, and between genders. The study aimed to compare NAB levels across variables such as vaccination status, vaccine type, age, gender, and ethnicity. The NAB levels among different study groups were measured using the Finecare RBD Antibody Test and the cPass kit (ELISA). The data was analyzed statistically using SPSS version 27. A total of 172 study subjects were analyzed. The mean age of participants was 45.03 ± 16.72 years, with 50.9% male and 77.3% of Malay ethnicity. Median NAB levels, assessed by both assays, were highest in females, vaccinated healthy participants, and those who received the Pfizer vaccine. Age-group comparisons revealed variations in median NAB levels across studied groups. Participants aged 10-25 years in the vaccinated healthy (VH) group exhibited the highest median antibody levels; on the other hand, the 26-45 year age group showed the highest median levels in the breakthrough infection (BI) and certain non-vaccinated categories. Ethnic group comparisons highlighted that Malays consistently had the highest median NAB levels. Significant differences in antibody levels were found across vaccination status, ethnicity, and vaccine type (
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