ArticleToxins2026
Benefits of Incobotulinumtoxin A in Pain, Spasticity and Functionality-A 5 Years Review.
Article in Toxins, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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1 author.
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Abstract
introductionPain is a major contributor to functional impairment in neurological patients. Botulinum toxin type A (BT-A) is well-established for focal spasticity and has shown some benefits in pain reduction. Long-term data from large cohorts remain limited. MATERIAL AND
methodsThis retrospective study (2017-2022) analyzed 20 variables from spastic patients treated with Incobotulinumtoxin A (INCO) for pain and spasticity. Functional analysis was classified into 5 major domains: Pain, Spasticity spectrum, Mobility, Activities of daily living, and Gait.
resultsA total of 1575 records from 67 patients were collected. The mean age was 57.7 years, mostly female ( DISCUSSION: The findings, derived from one of the largest datasets, support that INCO, and probably BT-A, should be indicated for the pain of spastic patients, regardless of etiology.
conclusionsPromising functionality outcomes, especially in this group, warrant further, more comprehensive studies.
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