ReviewVaccines2026
Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines: Mechanisms, Clinical Progress, and Future Directions.
Review in Vaccines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Advances in immunotherapy for HPV-associated malignancies: emerging strategies and clinical progress.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Therapeutic cancer vaccines have emerged as a promising approach in cancer immunotherapy, aiming to stimulate the immune system to recognize and eliminate malignant cells. Despite this potential, clinical efficacy has remained variable across multiple vaccine platforms. This review synthesizes completed clinical trials evaluating major therapeutic cancer vaccine modalities, including peptide-based, nucleic acid--based, dendritic cell, whole cell, and viral and bacterial vector--based vaccines, with a focus on safety, immunogenicity, and clinical outcomes for diverse tumor types. Overall, these vaccines demonstrate a favorable safety profile; however, clinical efficacy as monotherapy has been limited. Clinical outcomes vary by platform and tumor type and are influenced by factors such as antigen selection, tumor heterogeneity and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Recent advances in antigen design, vaccine technologies, and combination strategies are redefining the role of therapeutic cancer vaccines in oncology. Future progress will depend on optimizing their integration with standard treatment modalities, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.