Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42506571›Full record

ArticleJournal of functional biomaterials2026

Functionalization of a Shape-Memory 3D-Printed Clear Aligner Resin with Silanized Chitosan Nanoparticles: Antibacterial, Optical, Polymerization, and Mechanical Evaluation.

Saya Mustafa Azeez, Anees Mahmood Mudhir

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of functional biomaterials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Saya Mustafa AzeezDepartment of Preventive, Orthodontics, and Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Duhok, Duhok 42001, Iraq.ORCID 0000-0003-2522-4177
Anees Mahmood MudhirDepartment of Preventive, Orthodontics, and Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Duhok, Duhok 42001, Iraq.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Directly 3D-printed clear aligners are increasingly adopted for orthodontic treatment, but lack intrinsic antibacterial properties. This study investigates the integration of silanized chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) into 3D-printed clear aligner resin to improve antibacterial activity while preserving optical, polymerization, and mechanical performance. Commercial CSNPs were surface modified with 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate and characterized using FTIR, UV-Vis, TEM, EDS, XRD, DLS and zeta-potential analysis. The silanized CSNPs were incorporated into TA-28 clear aligner resin at 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 wt%. Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans (

Indexed as

bacterial adherencebiofilmdental materialsflexural strengthorthodontic appliancestensile strength

Identifiers

PMID42506571
PMCPMC13413050

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.