ArticleJournal of functional biomaterials2026
Comparative Hydrodynamic Analysis and Optimization of Gyroid and Diamond Scaffolds with Functionally Graded Porosity.
Article in Journal of functional biomaterials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
This study presents a numerical investigation into the hydrodynamic and biomechanical performance of bone-repair scaffolds based on Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces (TPMSs). Focusing on Gyroid and Diamond architectures, scaffolds with uniform (40-70%) and functionally graded porosities were developed. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were employed to evaluate permeability, pressure drop, and Wall Shear Stress (WSS) distributions. Results indicate distinct topological advantages: the Gyroid structure demonstrates superior permeability and uniform WSS distribution due to its isotropic fluid channels, whereas the Diamond structure maintains better flow velocity stability. Crucially, the introduction of a porosity gradient (40-60%) successfully mitigates localized pressure surges and optimizes the bioactive WSS window for cell differentiation. Notably, increasing porosity to 70% in Gyroid scaffolds yielded a 277% enhancement in permeability. These findings establish a theoretical basis for designing functionally graded TPMS scaffolds that balance fluid transport efficiency with a favorable cellular microenvironment.
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