ArticleMedical sciences (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Educational Inequalities and Obesity: Association and Attenuation After Lifestyle Adjustment in a Cross-Sectional Working-Age Population.
Article in Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundObesity is a major public health concern and shows a clear social gradient, with higher prevalence among individuals with lower socioeconomic position. Educational level is a key indicator of socioeconomic status, but the extent to which lifestyle factors explain its association with obesity remains unclear.
objectiveTo examine the association between educational level and obesity in a working-age population and to evaluate how adjustment for lifestyle factors influences the magnitude of the association between educational level and obesity.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 3108 working-age adults undergoing occupational health assessments in Spain. Educational level was categorised into three groups (higher, intermediate, and primary or none). Obesity was defined as a body mass index ≥30 kg/m
resultsThe overall prevalence of obesity was 16.6%, with a clear gradient across educational levels (11.5% in higher education vs. 19.8% in primary or no education). In crude analyses, individuals with the lowest educational level had higher odds of obesity (OR 1.89; 95% CI 1.46-2.45). Adjustment for age and sex attenuated the association (OR 1.72; 95% CI 1.32-2.24), with further reduction after inclusion of lifestyle factors (OR 1.63; 95% CI 1.24-2.13). In the fully adjusted model, the association remained statistically significant (OR 1.61; 95% CI 1.18-2.21), indicating that adjustment for lifestyle factors attenuated the association between educational level and obesity, although the association remained statistically significant.
conclusionsLower educational level is associated with a higher risk of obesity. Adjustment for lifestyle factors attenuated this association, although a statistically significant relationship remained. These findings support the role of education as a fundamental determinant of health and highlight the need for strategies addressing broader social and structural determinants of obesity.
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