Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42505614›Full record

ArticleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Cattle Farmers Regarding Antibiotic Use and Antimicrobial Resistance in Selected Districts of Zambia.

Doreen Chilolo Sitali, Geoffrey Mainda, Isaac Silwamba, Inyambo Mumbula, Taona Sinyawa, Fusya Yvonne Goma, Steward Mudenda, Mercy Mukuma, Geoffrey Chomba, Niwael Jesse Mtui Malamsha and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Doreen Chilolo SitaliDepartment of Health Promotion, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia.ORCID 0000-0002-6650-4071
Geoffrey MaindaFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Lusaka P.O. Box 30563, Zambia.
Isaac SilwambaDepartment of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, Zambia.
Inyambo MumbulaDepartment of Health Promotion, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia.
Taona SinyawaCentral Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock Development, Lusaka P.O. Box 33980, Zambia.ORCID 0009-0004-5254-4103
Fusya Yvonne GomaCentral Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock Development, Lusaka P.O. Box 33980, Zambia.
Steward MudendaDepartment of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia.ORCID 0000-0003-1692-8981
Mercy MukumaDepartment of Food Science, School of Agricultural Sciences and Nutrition, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, Zambia.
Geoffrey ChombaFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Lusaka P.O. Box 30563, Zambia.
Niwael Jesse Mtui MalamshaFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Lusaka P.O. Box 30563, Zambia.ORCID 0000-0001-9459-4580
Suze Percy FilippiniFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Lusaka P.O. Box 30563, Zambia.
John Bwalya MumaDepartment of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, Zambia.ORCID 0000-0001-6180-4051

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasingly recognized as a major public health challenge in Zambia. However, limited evidence exists on the factors driving AMR and antimicrobial use behaviours among cattle farmers. This study explored farmers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) regarding AMR and antimicrobial use (AMU), and explored factors influencing them.

methodsData were collected from Namwala, Mpongwe, and Chingola districts between January and April 2024. A total of 377 cattle farmers participated in a structured survey, supplemented by ten focus group discussions (FGDs) and seventeen in-depth interviews (IDIs). Qualitative data were analysed thematically to identify recurring patterns, while quantitative data were summarized using descriptive statistics and analysed using bivariate tests and regression models to assess key associations.

resultsOverall, a small proportion of farmers demonstrated high levels of knowledge (33.9%), positive attitudes (40.4%), and good practices (19.6%) related to AMU and AMR, with significant differences observed across districts. Major drivers of AMU included poor implementation of biosecurity measures, limited access to veterinary services, high reliance on non-prescribed antimicrobials, and weak enforcement of regulations governing antimicrobial distribution.

conclusionsThis study highlights critical gaps in AMR-related knowledge and widespread irresponsible AMU among cattle farmers in Zambia. Strengthening targeted AMU/AMR awareness campaigns, improving veterinary service infrastructure, and enhancing regulatory oversight on antibiotic distribution are urgently needed to protect both animal and public health. These findings can support policymakers in designing evidence-based interventions to curb AMR in the livestock sector.

Indexed as

antimicrobial resistanceantimicrobial useattitudesknowledgepracticessmall holder livestock systemsZambia

Identifiers

PMID42505614
PMCPMC13403774

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.