Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42505607›Full record

ArticleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS for the Determination of Antibiotic Residues in Food Products.

Ahmed Mostafa, Heba Shaaban, Abdulmalik M Alqarni, Mansour S Alturki, Abdulaziz H Al Khzem, Mohammad A Alrofaidi, Mohammed Alqarni, Fatimah A Alansari, Essam M Hafez

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Article in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Ahmed MostafaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Faisal Road, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-3350-8519
Heba ShaabanDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Faisal Road, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0001-5708-7686
Abdulmalik M AlqarniDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Faisal Road, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-6955-0313
Mansour S AlturkiDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Faisal Road, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0001-7702-9379
Abdulaziz H Al KhzemDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Faisal Road, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0009-0004-0079-8646
Mohammad A AlrofaidiDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha P.O. Box 1988, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-6352-9935
Mohammed AlqarniDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-9028-2288
Fatimah A AlansariCollege of Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
Essam M HafezForensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesThe application of green analytical chemistry (GAC) principles is increasingly important in developing sustainable analytical practices for food safety monitoring. Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) have emerged as green alternatives to conventional organic solvents. This study aimed to develop a sustainable analytical method for determining antibiotic residues in processed meat and frozen poultry products.

methodsA dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) procedure based on a NADES composed of anisaldehyde and decanoic acid (3:1, molar ratio) was coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS for the simultaneous determination of macrolides (clarithromycin, erythromycin), sulfonamides (sulfamethoxazole, sulfadimethoxine), and a fluoroquinolone (enrofloxacin) in food samples. Key extraction parameters, including NADES volume, vortex time, centrifugation time, sample amount, and pH, were optimized. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, and recovery and applied to real samples from the Saudi market.

resultsThe method showed excellent analytical performance, with good linearity (R

conclusionsThe proposed NADES-based DLLME-UHPLC-MS/MS method is a rapid, sensitive, and eco-friendly alternative to conventional techniques for monitoring antibiotic residues in processed meat and poultry, supporting both food safety and GAC principles.

Indexed as

antibioticsdispersive liquid–liquid microextractionDLLMEGACgreen analytical chemistrygreenness assessmentLC-MS/MSNADESnatural deep eutectic solventssustainable chemistry

Identifiers

PMID42505607
PMCPMC13404464

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