Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42505526›Full record

ReviewBiomimetics (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Advances in 3D Printed Bone Implants: Smart Responsive Antibacterial Strategies and AI-Driven Design.

Zijun Hu, Hanpeng Liu, Ding Xu, Yuan Wang, Tong Shu, Kefeng Wang, Zhiqiang Wang, Xiaofan Deng, Yuanchen Li, Ee Meng Cheng and 4 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Zijun HuKey Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
Hanpeng LiuTianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
Ding XuKey Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
Yuan WangChina Automotive Parts Technology (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300300, China.
Tong ShuSchool of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China.
Kefeng WangNational Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
Zhiqiang WangTianjin Key Laboratory of High Performance Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin 300222, China.
Xiaofan DengTianjin Key Laboratory of High Performance Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin 300222, China.ORCID 0000-0002-1118-4090
Yuanchen LiTianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Mechatronics Equipment Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
Ee Meng ChengFaculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0002-4809-0725
Hao FengFaculty of Education and Humanities, Universiti Tun Abdul Razak, Kuala Lumpur 50250, Malaysia.
Zhaoyang LiTianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.ORCID 0000-0001-9418-3087
Caideng YuanSchool of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.ORCID 0000-0003-2105-836X
Xiang GeKey Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.ORCID 0000-0003-4855-5972

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China No. 52075371Tianjin University No. 2026XJ22-0035
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

For critical-sized bone defects, bioactive implants are indispensable. Although advanced three-dimensional (3D) printing technology enables the precise manufacturing of customized bone scaffolds, implant-associated infections (IAIs) remain a significant clinical challenge. Moreover, traditional passive antibacterial coatings often face problems such as uncontrolled release of antibacterial agents and insufficient long-term antibacterial efficacy. This review elaborates on the transformation of antibacterial strategies in the field of bone tissue engineering (BTE) from "passive" to "smart responsive" modes. We summarize the endogenous (such as pH, temperature, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and enzyme) and exogenous (such as light, microwave, and ultrasound) response systems. Notably, the ultrasound-driven strategy is highly emphasized due to its outstanding deep tissue penetrability and dual functional characteristics: it can not only eliminate stubborn biofilms through the sonodynamic effect by generating ROS, but also promote osteogenesis through the piezoelectric effect. Additionally, we also discuss the recent progress of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of bone scaffold manufacturing. AI-driven algorithms help to rapidly optimize complex scaffold structures and accurately predict their mechanical properties, thereby effectively avoiding the inefficiencies brought about by the traditional "trial and error" method. In conclusion, combining AI-assisted manufacturing technology with smart responsive antibacterial strategies opens up a highly promising frontier field for the development of personalized and infection-free bone implants.

Indexed as

3D printingantibacterial strategiesartificial intelligenceimplant-associated infectionssmart responsive scaffold

Identifiers

PMID42505526
PMCPMC13406363

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.