ArticleBiosensors2026
Sample-to-Answer Point-of-Care Blood Lead Level Test.
Article in Biosensors, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Children who are exposed to lead may have extensive health problems, in particular intelligence deficits and developmental delays. Wide-reaching screening programs are essential to identify children in need of remediation and medical intervention. Lead exposure is most problematic in low- and middle-income countries, as well as in underserved populations in wealthier regions of the world. To increase accessibility, it is critical that screening tools are inexpensive, portable, and easy to use. Here we report a low-cost, handheld, sample-to-answer system for the detection of lead in whole blood samples. Our assay simultaneously lyses blood cells, liberates lead from hemoglobin, aggregates proteins and cellular debris, and separates the solubilized lead from the aggregate via a simple filtration device. Using a screen-printed carbon electrode, anodic stripping voltammetry with a low-cost potentiostat, and our sample-to-answer workflow, we achieved a limit of detection of 1.44 μg/dL, which is below the blood lead reference value established by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (3.5 μg/dL). We validated our system using pre-quantified reference samples from lead-exposed animals and demonstrated excellent agreement with our calibration curve, including for samples near the 3.5 μg/dL threshold.
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