ReviewBiosensors2026
Red-to-NIR-Fluorescent Graphene Quantum Dots for Biomedical Applications.
Review in Biosensors, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have attracted extensive interest in biomedical applications because of their favorable physicochemical properties, including environmental friendliness, excellent water solubility, high chemical stability, and facile surface modification. However, most GQDs exhibit fluorescence in the ultraviolet or visible region, which limits their biomedical applications because autofluorescence from biological systems reduces the signal-to-noise ratio in biosensing and bioimaging. Over the past decade, the emission of GQDs has been extended from the UV-visible region into the red-to-near-infrared (NIR) region. Red-to-NIR fluorescence enables higher-resolution imaging and deeper tissue penetration by reducing light scattering and minimizing tissue absorption and autofluorescence. In this review, we summarize recent advances in red-to-NIR-fluorescent GQDs for biomedical applications, including their synthesis, optical properties, surface engineering, and applications in biosensing, bioimaging and theranostics. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future potential development of the red-to-NIR-fluorescent GQDs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.