Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42505310›Full record

ArticleGels (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Protocol-Dependent Effects on Colloidal Characterization and Drug Loading/Release Analysis of Thermosensitive PNIPAM-co-COOH Microgels.

José López-Molina, Alba Garrido-Rodríguez, María Tirado-Miranda, Delfi Bastos-González, Miguel A Fernández-Rodríguez, Carmen Casas-Herce, Adri Escañuela-Copado, Arturo Moncho-Jordá, Irene Adroher-Benítez, J Manuel López-Romero and 2 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Gels (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

José López-MolinaBiocolloid and Fluid Physics Group, Applied Physics Department, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
Alba Garrido-RodríguezBiocolloid and Fluid Physics Group, Applied Physics Department, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.ORCID 0009-0008-1033-7586
María Tirado-MirandaBiocolloid and Fluid Physics Group, Applied Physics Department, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-6800-1489
Delfi Bastos-GonzálezBiocolloid and Fluid Physics Group, Applied Physics Department, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
Miguel A Fernández-RodríguezBiocolloid and Fluid Physics Group, Applied Physics Department, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
Carmen Casas-HerceBiocolloid and Fluid Physics Group, Applied Physics Department, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
Adri Escañuela-CopadoBiocolloid and Fluid Physics Group, Applied Physics Department, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-8043-0558
Arturo Moncho-JordáBiocolloid and Fluid Physics Group, Applied Physics Department, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
Irene Adroher-BenítezBiocolloid and Fluid Physics Group, Applied Physics Department, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-7997-8471
J Manuel López-RomeroDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-2422-655X
Ana B Jódar-ReyesBiocolloid and Fluid Physics Group, Applied Physics Department, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-6136-7477
José M Peula-GarcíaBiocolloid and Fluid Physics Group, Applied Physics Department, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-0869-9579

Funding

FEDER/Junta de Andalucía-Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades A-FQM-90-UGR20FEDER/Junta de Andalucía-Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades PY20_00241MICIU/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and ERDF, A Way of Making Europe PID2022-136540NB-I00
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This work analyzes protocol-dependent effects on the colloidal characterization and drug loading/release analysis of model thermosensitive PNIPAM-co-COOH microgels and shows how they can be quantified or minimized through targeted methodological refinements. Findings reveal that standard single-beam DLS underestimates the collapsed hydrodynamic radius by 18% at 43 °C due to thermal convection. After drift correction, 3D-DLS combined with SLS provides a consistent description of thermally induced collapse, pH-dependent swelling and core-corona structure. Regarding drug delivery, loading efficiency for Doxorubicin and 5-Fluorouracil is maximized near the volume phase transition temperature, where hydrophobic interactions are strongest. For release studies, dialysis is recommended, but free-drug blanks are required to account for membrane-induced delay and ensure accurate early kinetic profiles. By integrating TEM, AFM, SLS, DLS, NTA and LDE, this study establishes a robust framework for the colloidal characterization of thermosensitive microgels. These refinements reduce experimental bias and may be extended to related soft nanocarriers.

Indexed as

colloidal characterizationconvection-corrected DLSdialysisdrug encapsulationdrug releasePNIPAM thermosensitive microgelstatic light scattering

Identifiers

PMID42505310
PMCPMC13408520

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.