ArticleGels (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Choline Lactate Photocured Hydrogels for Sustainable Low-Temperature Supercapacitors.
Article in Gels (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The growing demand for flexible and environmentally friendly energy storage systems has increased interest in new electrolyte materials capable of operating at low temperatures. In this work, hydrogel polymer electrolytes based on aqueous choline lactate solutions were developed and evaluated for supercapacitor applications. Choline lactate was synthesized from biodegradable and low-toxicity substrates and characterized using spectroscopic and thermal analysis methods. A series of aqueous electrolytes with different salt concentrations was prepared, and their viscosity, density, and ionic conductivity were investigated to determine the optimal composition for hydrogel preparation. The obtained hydrogels were synthesized by photopolymerization and showed good flexibility, transparency, and structural stability without electrolyte leakage. Thermal analysis revealed that the presence of choline lactate effectively suppressed water crystallization, reducing the phase transition temperature of the hydrogel systems below -44 °C. Ionic conductivity increased with electrolyte content and reached 22.3 mS·cm
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