ReviewGels (Basel, Switzerland)2026
A Review of Gel-Based Materials for Electromagnetic Devices.
Review in Gels (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Gel-based materials are emerging as lightweight, mechanically compliant, and electromagnetically tunable platforms for next-generation antennas, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shields, microwave absorbers, and radomes. This review summarizes recent progress in hydrogel-, aerogel-, ionogel-, organohydrogel-, and xerogel-based electromagnetic materials, with emphasis on how network structure, pore architecture, solvent phase, and functional fillers regulate permittivity, conductivity, impedance matching, and attenuation. The device-level roles of gels are discussed in miniaturized and reconfigurable antennas, absorption-dominated shielding systems, broadband microwave absorbers, high-temperature wave-transparent radomes, and metamaterial, energy-harvesting, and bioelectronic systems. Particular attention is paid to the mechanisms of dipolar relaxation, ionic conduction, interfacial polarization, conduction loss, magnetic loss, and multiple scattering. Finally, key challenges are identified, including hydrogel dehydration and freezing, aerogel fragility, ionogel cost and leakage, limited long-term reliability, and the lack of standardized performance metrics. Future directions toward durable, scalable, multifunctional, and device-integrated gel-based electromagnetic materials are proposed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.