ArticleTherapeutic advances in medical oncology2026
Association of salvage radiotherapy with survival outcomes in extracranial oligoprogression after first-line therapy for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.
Article in Therapeutic advances in medical oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: While first-line systemic therapy is the standard of care for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC), therapeutic failure remains nearly universal, with survival heavily dictated by progression patterns. Extracranial oligoprogression represents a distinct treatment failure phenotype lacking standardized management. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and survival impact of salvage radiotherapy (RT) in ES-SCLC patients experiencing extracranial oligoprogression after first-line therapy. Design: A multicenter retrospective cohort study. Methods: We retrospectively enrolled patients with ES-SCLC developing extracranial oligoprogression after first-line therapy from three cancer centers in China between January 2020 and March 2025. Patients were stratified into RT and non-RT groups based on the administration of radiotherapy post-progression. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to balance baseline characteristics. Primary endpoints included second-line overall survival (OS2) and progression-free survival (PFS2), estimated via Kaplan-Meier analysis and compared using log-rank tests. Results: A total of 232 Chinese patients experienced extracranial oligoprogression, with a median time to progression of 6.1 months (range: 1.0-37.8 months). In the matched cohort, RT significantly prolonged median PFS2 (6.1 vs 3.3 months; Conclusion: This multicenter study is one of the first to indicate that radiotherapy is associated with a survival benefit in patients with ES-SCLC and extracranial oligoprogression. Notably, combining radiotherapy with continuation of first-line systemic therapy offered greater clinical utility than switching to an alternative systemic therapy.
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