ArticleMagnetic resonance in medicine2026
Reference-Superimposed Reconstruction (RS-Recon) for Arterial Spin Labeling.
Article in Magnetic resonance in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeConventional arterial spin labeling (ASL) reconstruction suffers from sign-flipping errors and/or noise bias under strong background suppression (BS), limiting SNR optimization. We propose reference-superimposed reconstruction (RS-recon) to enable ideal BS and robust signal recovery.
methodsRS-recon superimposes high-SNR M
resultsRS-recon eliminated subtraction artifacts due to signal sign-flipping, recovered negative ASL signals, and enabled ideal BS for maximizing SNR. It significantly improved ASL signal and tSNR in gray/white matter across all labeling methods and different BS conditions. RS-recon corrected phase errors under low-SNR conditions, preserved signal signs, maintained Gaussian noise distribution, remained robust against misalignments between the reference and the ASL images, and integrated well with GRAPPA. Mag + RS performance matched complex-based (ComplexSub and Complex) RS pipelines and is recommended for its simplicity, compatibility, and robustness overall.
conclusionRS-recon offers a simple, robust strategy for ASL image reconstruction, resolving subtraction errors even with magnitude output and enabling optimal background suppression. It enhances signal fidelity, SNR, and phase accuracy while integrating seamlessly with existing reconstruction pipelines and parallel imaging.
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