ReviewJournal of robotic surgery2026
Considerations for transoral robotic surgery with fluorescence imaging: a narrative review.
Review in Journal of robotic surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
To review evidence and practical considerations for integrating fluorescence imaging into robotic head and neck surgery, emphasizing technical parameters, optical limitations, and clinical utility. We additionally incorporate insights derived from our institutional experience to contextualize real-world implementation challenges. Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) has expanded minimally invasive treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, improving functional outcomes and reducing morbidity. However, absent tactile feedback and limited depth perception remain challenges, particularly during margin assessment. Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) has emerged as a potential solution for real-time tumor visualization. This narrative review synthesizes literature on nonspecific dyes (indocyanine green) and tumor-targeted agents (panitumumab-IRDye800CW), evaluating compatibility with the da Vinci Firefly system. Institutional intraoperative observations complement existing data and highlight workflow considerations. Fluorescence imaging improves intraoperative tumor delineation and deep margin assessment. Critical technical variables include imaging mode selection, scope angle, illumination characteristics, field uniformity, and autoscaling behavior. Tumor-targeted tracers demonstrate superior contrast in Sensitive Firefly mode but require standardized protocols for optimal performance. Fluorescence-guided robotic surgery can improve oncologic precision in TORS by compensating for inherent sensory limitations. Consistent clinical benefit requires further development of targeted agents, workflow standardization, and robust validation studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.